November 9th Notes

Legal Research & Writing
November 9th

Citing to Cases
-String Citation
    -More than one authority in a citation sentence
        -2 cases, burden of proof with elements,
    -Separate with ;
    -Follow rule 1.4 for order of authorities
    -Use this for 3 or more citations;  text, cite, text, cite.
    -This is good for two cites:  text. cite;cite.
    -Sequence rule 1.4
        -Newest to Oldest
        1. US Supreme Court
        2. Federal Circuit Court
        3. Federal District Court
        4. State Courts
            -Alphabetize by state, Supreme, Appellate
        -Sort by court, then look at date

-Explanatory Parenthetical  (will need to use in memo)
    -explanation in parenthesis at the end of a cite, after the year
    -if the case facts are important to your case DO NOT put them here
    -text(1998)(explanation).
    -shortest way to get information across, usually not complete sentences
        -short phrase or clause

-Quotations
    -Rule 5
    -Less than 50 words, just enclosed in "text"
    -More than 50 words, indent 1/2 inch from both margins, single space & do not use quotation marks
    -Case names are italicized it, DO NOT italicized actual person's name only case
    -Grant example: needed to lose are and added ...  Also, quote within quote is done with ' '

-Changing a Quotations   
    -Errors (number wrong, verbatim transcript, grammar issues)
        -BlueBook after mistake add [sic]
        -Just make the correction in [ ]
        (she accepts either way)
        -Example:  she seen
            -she seen [sic]
            -she [had] seen
            -she [saw]

-Signals
    -Rule 1.2
    -She wrote up the citation exercise on how to use them properly
    -Provides a clue to reader about reliability of the material being cited.
        - No signal, highest authority
    -Precede the cite and follows the italicized (goes with case name)
    -Signals have their own punctuation

-Prior & Subsequent History
    -Provide to explain history of cases
    -Even negative history
    -Prior History - depends on posture of writing, at writer's discretion
        -aff'd in part, (affirmed in part)  Appellate
        -aff'g in part , (affirming in part)  Supreme

Project 3 Orca
-Cases reading order
    -Oldest first to the newest
   
-Practice Tip
    -Remove party names and use instead landlord, tenant or buyer, seller
    -Do not use plaintiff, appellant, defendant, respondent
    -Consistent pattern for discerning cases
        -chart material
       
Hockersmith
-Supreme Court - No Constructive Eviction
-Facts: City lowered streets, store entrance too high, customers can't get in
-Rule: Must be Landlord's act
-Rule: Quiet enjoyment clause in lease does not insure against third parties who are wrongdoers

Johnson-Lieber
-Supreme Court - No Constructive Eviction
-Facts: Tenant leased space for warehouse, Tenant knew heavy machinery, landlord did not know use, RR platform connected loading dock to entrance, RR cut it off and moved track
-Rule: Must be Landlord's Act
-Rule: Landlord not responsible absent specific provision in lease

Washington Chocolate
-Supreme Court - Constructive Eviction
-Facts: Tenant leased space to store chocolate, rats infest, could not use chocolate
-Rule: Demise premises must be untenantable
-Rule: When the landlord retains control of part of the premise, landlord retains duty to keep that part of the premises tenantable

(Need to find more cases to learn what is tenantable)

Aro Glass
-Appellate - Div II- Constructive Eviction
-Facts: tenant leased for used car lot, landlord tried to fix, deep puddles keep customers away, tenant lost business
-Rule: Landlord must have notice of problem
-Rule: Tenant must vacate within reasonable time
-Rule: CE arises when L intentionally or injuriously interferes depriving T of beneficial enjoyment of demised premises (Coulos v. Desimone)
-Rule: Where lease contains specific provision covering the problem that develops, L has breached covenant

Elements of Constructive Eviction
1. Landlord's act that causes injury
    -Hockersmith or Johnson-Lieber
2. Conditions must be "untenantable"
    -Washington Chocolate   
3. Landlord must have notice   
    -Aro Glass
4. Tenant must vacate
    -Aro Glass

Landlord's act, Hockersmith cite, untenantable, WA Chocolate cite, notice, Aro cite, vacate, Aro cite.

The elements are 1, 2, 3, 4. hocker;choco;aro;aro.

For Aro: since there are multi pages for pinpointing:
575, 578, Vol#

Elements of Constructive Eviction for Orca
1. Landlord's act    -DISPUTED
2. Conditions "untenantable"    -DISPUTED
3. Notice    -UNDISPUTED
4. Tenant vacate    -UNDISPUTED

Outline for Memo
-Statement of Facts
-Issues Statement
-Discussion
-Conclusion

(after research one element may be less disputed and may not need to be mentioned heavily)

-DISCUSSION SECTION OUTLINE
Introduction
    -General Rules Paragraph
    -Transition (Roadmap Paragraph)

Disputed Element - landlord's act
    -Specific Rules - landlord's act
    -Analogous case presentation
        -Cases favoring Orca
        -Cases favoring Amber
Arguments
    -Orca's arguments
        -Fact based
        -Case based
        -Policy based
    -Amber's arguments
        -Fact based
        -Case based
        -Policy based
    -Orca's Rebuttal
Mini-Conclusion - landlord's

Disputed Element - untenantable
    -Specific Rules -  untenantable
    -Analogous case presentation
        -Cases favoring Orca
        -Cases favoring Amber
Arguments
    -Orca's arguments
        -Fact based
        -Case based
        -Policy based
    -Amber's arguments
        -Fact based
        -Case based
        -Policy based
    -Orca's Rebuttal
Mini-Conclusion - untenantable

When writing rules:
-use declarative
-DO NOT start with case name
-one sentence for each rule
-organize from general to specific
-pinpoint cite for every rule sentence
-remember to short cite when needed

Actual Memo Introduction
1. Washington Practice
    -CE is outgrowth of doctrine of actual eviction
    (may be good way to start memo) cite WA Practice
2. Explanation of CE (Aro Glass/Coulos)
3. Elements of CE

Transitional Paragraphs
-raise and dismiss undisputed elements first (notice, vacate)
    -name the element, explain why it is undisputed using facts

Specific Rules - Landlord's Act

Write specific rules - Landlord's Act
-declarative sentences
-organize from general to specific

Also needed:
-Explanation of untenantable
    -John B. Stevens & Co. v. Pratt
-More cases showing what is untenantable
    -Dobrental v. Piehl
    -Lindblom v. Berkman
    -John B. Stevens & Co. v. Pratt
    -M.E. Meyers v. Western Farmers Ass'n
    -Farrow v. Storck
    -Erickson v. Elliott